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Adsorption of p-cresol, nitrobenzene and p-nitrophenol on treated and untreated carbons is investigated systematically. The effects of carbon surface chemistry and solution pH are studied and discussed. All adsorption experiments were carried out in pH-controlled solutions to examine the adsorption properties of the adsorption systems where the solutes are in molecular as well as ionic forms. Using...
The surface properties of carbon nanotubes have been changed by heat treatment with ammonia to yield a basic surface or with N 2 to yield an acidic surface without destroying the integrity of the nanotubes. The dispersion state of CNTs could be much improved by the adsorption of a cationic dispersant of poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) or an ionic dispersant of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Through...
Graphite/aluminium composites have been produced by means of gas pressure infiltration method. Two porous graphite preforms with a porosity of 10 and 13 vol%, respectively, have been infiltrated using either a commercially 99.85 pure aluminium or an AlSi7Mg alloy. Thermal expansion coefficient, electrical conductivity and flexural strength have been determined as a function of graphite preforms and...
The effect of oxidation pre-treatment of a phenolic resin fiber was examined from two aspects: one is to examine if the pre-treatment can be a means to increase the yield of carbon fiber and activated carbon fiber (ACF), and the other is to study the effect of the pre-treatment on the carbonization and activation behavior. A phenolic resin fiber was oxidized in air at 220 to 270 o C and it...
This paper presents a development of carbon-carbon (C-C) composite by resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The RTM was used for both manufacturing of the resin matrix composite part as well as impregnation of the carbonized parts. Materials chosen were heat-treated T300 2-D carbon fabric and Primaset PT-30 cyanate ester. The PT-30 resin has a char yield similar to that of phenolics, very low volatiles,...
The total capacity loss of lithium-ion secondary cell is reduced by engineering the pitch-based carbon anode through one or more of the following methods: attaining a high degree of graphitization, minimizing the surface oxygen concentration, attaining a large crystal size L c , degassing, and use of PVDF in place of teflon as the binder.
Fracture toughness (K IC ) of representative high-strength type PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based carbon fibers, Torayca T300 and T800H, with or without artificial surface defects, were estimated to be ca. 1 MPam 1/2 from the tensile strength vs. fracture mirror size relation, assuming a constant crack-to-mirror size ratio. The corresponding critical energy release rate...
Ti doped and Si-Ti doped graphites have been developed. The influence of the dopants on the properties and microstructure of doped graphites was analyzed. Test results reveal that Ti doped graphite has excellent bending strength and high thermal conductivity, with highest values reaching 50.2 MPa and 424 Wm -1 K -1 for a Ti concentration of 15 wt% in the raw materials. Si...
We have synthesized two kinds of mesoporous carbons using a spherical silica sol (SMC1 carbon) and an elongated silica sol (SMC3 carbon) as templates. Nitrogen isotherms and electrochemical experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the silica template structure on the pore structure of the resulting mesoporous carbons. When carbons produced using the same silica to resorcinol molar ratio...
Activated carbons were developed from Casurina equisetifolia leaves, by chemically treating with sulfuric acid (1:1) or zinc chloride (25%), at low (425 o C) and high (825 o C) temperatures. The resulting powdered activated carbons were applied for removing mercuric ions from aqueous solution at different agitation times and mercuric ion concentrations. The equilibrium data fitted...
We investigated the electronic and vibrational properties of single wall carbon nanotubes by reflection electron energy loss and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. We report on single particle excitations measured at the C-1s edge and on collective excitations of the valence band region. The comparison between the two techniques allows us to locate empty electronic states of the carbonaceous sample...
The effects of needle-punched felt structure, including mass ratio of non-woven cloth to short-cut fiber web, PAN-based carbon fiber types of non-woven cloth and thickness of unit (one layer of non-woven cloth and short-cut web was named as a unit), on the flexural properties of C/C composites from pressure gradient CVI are discussed. Results show that flexural strength and modulus increase when mass...
This paper presents a study into the effect of different activation conditions on the porosity and adsorption characteristics of carbon adsorbents produced from waste tyre rubber. For the purpose of this work, three carbon series were produced using different activation temperatures (between 925 and 1100 o C) and oxidising agents (steam or carbon dioxide). Carbons produced to different degrees...
Removal of various electrolytes from aqueous solution and a recycling operation were carried out using a flow-through capacitor. The amount of ions removed corresponds to the surface area and especially the micropore volume of the activated carbon electrode. Introduction of acidic functional groups on the surface of the carbon promoted ion removal (i.e. increase in rate and capacity), but there is...
Carbonaceous materials are of interest in many areas, and the study of these materials is an increasing development in fields such as environment and energy. For example, they are particularly used in the storage of gaseous combustibles and in the removal of air-pollutants. It is generally admitted that porosity and surface chemistry are the main parameters influencing the adsorptive properties of...
Two samples of soot are studied in the present work. The results obtained on a virgin diesel soot (VDS) are compared to those obtained on the corresponding material after removal of its soluble organic fraction (SOF). The adsorption properties of both materials towards organic compounds are investigated by gas chromatography (GC) using the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) equation of Abraham...
Carbon nanotubes were synthesized from acetylene and hydrogen gas mixture directly on stainless steel plates by sequential combination of rf PECVD and thermal CVD. PECVD was used for nucleation and initial growth of carbon nanotubes while thermal CVD was utilized for further growth of them. In this way decoupling of nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes was realized, and growth of carbon nanotubes...
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